Operate a Tractor and Implement in Field Conditions.

Introduction

The start-up of a tractor hitched to an implement is described in this section but for the general guidelines for starting a tractor and moving off, see the section THE BASIC’S OF DRIVING A TRACTOR. Implement setup procedures vary depending on the type of implement and the conditions under which they operate it’s not possible to give a general description for every implement because of the huge range of implements and design features so always consult your operator’s manual. In some cases you may have to start with a heavy load already imposed on the tractor. For example, an implement in contact with the soil or a heavily loaded trailer might already be attached when you start the tractor. In this section we deal with starting with a heavy load both, raised and not raised.

Select gears and engine speeds

Refer to your operator manuals for appropriate ground speed and engine revolutions because there are many variables which control gear selection and engine speeds. In most cases it is the work conditions that determine ground speed. Heavy loads, when you have a heavy load operate the tractor’s engine at the rated speed recommended by the manufacturer. Light loads, when you have a light load you can gear up and throttle back, this improves fuel consumption and increases the diesel engine’s efficiency. Overloads occur when the tractor cannot reach its full rated engine speed. Often the load can be reduced by raising the equipment to a shallower working depth, however this may be impractical. If the final engine speed is below the manufacturer’s recommendation then this could indicate that the tractor and implement are not matched.

Start

Starting with heavy loads (raised)
Select the appropriate range and gear to give the desired operating ground speed then with the tractor operating at a fast idle and the implement raised out of the ground, slowly release the clutch. After the clutch is fully engaged, increase the throttle setting to open and lower the implement into the ground and open the throttle to the rated engine speed
Starting with light loads
Select the proper range and gear to give all desired operating ground speed then with the tractor operating at a fast idle and the implement raised slowly engage the clutch. After the clutch is fully engaged, lower the implement as you increase the throttle to the desired setting. Take care not to overload the engine which could lead to engine stall.
Starting with a heavy load (not raised)
Select the appropriate range and gear to give the desired operating ground speed then with the tractor operating at about 3/4 throttle, slowly engage the clutch to take the load then immediately increase the throttle setting to the desired engine speed.

Note: This method can cause excessive clutch slippage. To reduce excessive wear, engage the clutch fully as early as the conditions will allow. Do not ride the clutch.

Start PTO-driven equipment

See the section OPERATING A PTO DRIVEN IMPLEMENT AND PTO SHAFT ARRANGEMENT.

Set up the implement

Refer to your implement operator’s manual for set up procedures, never make adjustments on a running machine unless specified by the machine manufacturer.

Check tractor and implement operation

Tractor
Observe tractor warning lights and instruments frequently, particularly when working under heavy loads. This can provide you with an early warning of potential problems. Therefore save you downtime and costly repairs. See THE BASIC’S OF DRIVING A TRACTOR.
Implement
Check the implement frequently during operation for its performance and potential problems, look for broken or loose parts, obstacles in paddocks and machine blockages. Listen for any unusual noises and their location, unusual vibrations can also indicate mechanical failures. Be aware of strange odours from burning, friction or hot oil and investigate them immediately.

Turn the tractor

NOTE: The differential lock must be disengaged on turns.
Always disengage the differential lock before attempting any turn, when turning sharply, don’t allow the implement to jackknife or come into contact with the rear tyre. Use the tractor turning brakes to assist you with turns in loose conditions, a lack of traction on to the front wheels or when the implement resists a change of direction. Where possible, slow down and start to turn by using the steering wheel before applying the turning brakes. Application of the turning brake to the inside driving wheel slows it down while at the same time increasing the speed of the outside wheel, this assists in pulling the tractor around. Leave the brake engaged until the tractor has completed the turn then release the brake and straighten the front wheels. If possible, raise the implement from the ground to make it easier to turn and reduce the load on the tractor. When pulling heavy tillage equipment, allow the tractor drawbar to swing freely to ease the task of turning. Be particularly careful when turning on a slope, turn gradually and at minimum speed. When on a slope be careful using turning brakes if the conditions are slippery.

Stop under load

If possible, reduce the load by raising the implement or unloading the machine, throttle back and disengage the clutch. If the tractor stalls under load, immediately disengage the clutch and restart the tractor.

Raise and check implement

Raise the implement and check it thoroughly for any damage or wear whenever a field operation has been completed .

Working Safely

In addition to the general safety precautions. Before you start, look for any hazards in the paddock. Try to anticipate well ahead. For example, change gear before ascending or descending a slope. Use caution when using a differential lock. Don’t stand up while operating a tractor unless the tractor is designed for this and the operating conditions are suitable. Check the implement’s operation at frequent intervals. Keep a clear mental picture of all the relevant safety rules. Shut down machinery before making adjustments. Avoid depressions, ditches, banks and hidden obstructions. Take extra precautions during adverse weather conditions.

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