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Dairy Bull Calves OVERVIEW OF THE BULL’S REPRODUCTIVE TRACT The testes of the bull produce the male sexual cells or spermatozoa which, like the egg, contain only one copy of the genetic information necessary to constitute an individual. Although the male sexual organs (Figure 3) begin to produce hormones before birth, the . . . → Read More: Reproductive Function of Dairy Bulls Holstein Cow The quantitative traits of dairy cattle, such as milk, fat and protein yields, are economically important to many farmers around the world. These traits differ from qualitative traits, such as color of the hair, because instead of falling into discrete categories (red, white, black), the values of quantitative traits . . . → Read More: The Principles of Dairy Cattle Selection OVERVIEW OF THE DAIRY COW’S REPRODUCTIVE TRACT The reproductive tract of a cow is located beneath the rectum—the last segment of the large intestine (Figure 1). Most parts of the reproductive tract can be examined indirectly when an arm is extended into the rectum (rectal palpation): The cervix can be manipulated during artificial insemination; . . . → Read More: The Reproductive Function of Dairy Cows ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION Artificial insemination is a technique by which semen is introduced artificially into the body of the uterus at the time of heat in an attempt to cause pregnancy. The major advantages of artificial insemination may be summarized as follows: It provides the opportunity to choose sires that are proven to transmit desirable . . . → Read More: Natural Service and Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cattle INTRODUCTION Efficiency of reproduction is one of the most critical aspects of a profitable herd. Economic losses resulting from delayed reproduction have multiple facets: The lifetime milk production of the cows is reduced because peak milk production does not occur as often and the dry periods are extended; The number of calves born per . . . → Read More: Heat Detection in Dairy Cattle GENETIC EVALUATION OF DAIRY CATTLE IN THE USA The genetic evaluation of dairy sires began in the United States in 1935. In 1974, the Modified Contemporary Comparison (MCC) index was implemented as an improved method of evaluating animals.Every six months, in January and July, the United States Department of Agriculture calculates the genetic values . . . → Read More: Predicted Transmitting Ability and Reliability in Dairy Cows |
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